A solid-state laser known as a ruby laser uses a man-made ruby crystal as its gain medium. Theodore H. “Ted” Maiman developed the first operational laser at Hughes Research Laboratories on May 16, 1960. It was a ruby laser.[1][2]Ruby lasers emit pulses of intensely red coherent visible light with a wavelength of 694.3 nm. The average ruby laser pulse lasts for about one millisecond.

                        

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Introduction

In order to generate a population inversion, a ruby laser typically consists of a ruby rod that must be blasted with extremely high energy, typically from a flashtube. The rod is frequently sandwiched between two mirrors to create an optical cavity that oscillates the fluorescence light from the ruby, stimulating emission. Ruby is one of the few solid state lasers that emits light in the visible region of the spectrum at a wavelength of 694.3 nanometers, with an extremely small linewidth of 0.53 nm and a rich red colour.The ruby laser is a solid state laser with three levels. A synthetic ruby rod is used as the active laser medium (also known as the laser gain/amplification medium) and is energised through optical pumping, often by a xenon flashtube. At 400 and 550 nm in the optical spectrum, Ruby possesses extremely strong and broad absorption bands and a very long fluorescence lifetime of 3 milliseconds. Since the pulse duration can be significantly longer than with other materials, this enables very high energy pumping. Despite having a very broad absorption spectrum, ruby has a substantially poorer conversion efficiency than other media.

Ruby Laser – Definition, Construction and Working

Ruby laser definition:-

A ruby laser is a solid-state laser that uses the synthetic ruby crystal as its laser medium. Ruby laser is the first successful laser developed by Maiman in 1960.

Ruby laser is one of the few solid-state lasers that produce visible light. It emits deep red light of wavelength 694.3 nm.

Construction of ruby laser :-

The laser medium, the pump source, and the optical resonator are the three key components of a ruby laser.

Laser medium or gain medium in ruby laser:-

A single cylinder-shaped crystal of ruby (Al2O3: Cr3+) serves as the laser medium or active medium in a ruby laser. The host sapphire (Al2O3) that makes up the laser medium (ruby) in the ruby laser is doped with trace amounts of chromium ions (Cr3+). The ruby is thermally efficient.

Ruby laser treatment:-

When used to treat a variety of dermatological problems, LASERs (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) are sources of intense monochromatic (single wave length) coherent light. Their application is based on the laser’s wavelength, pulse parameters, fluence (energy output), and the type of the condition being treated.

There are many distinct types of lasers; they are distinguished by the medium in which the laser beam is produced. Depending on their wavelength and penetration, each type of laser has a distinct variety of applications.

How does the ruby laser work?

1. Selected thermolysis is the basis of the Q-switched ruby laser’s (QSRL) dermatological uses. The process of creating powerful laser beams in incredibly brief pulses is known as Q-switching.
2. High output energy (100–200 MW) is possible at very brief pulse periods (20–80 nanoseconds) at a wavelength of 694 nm thanks to the active medium (a ruby crystal).
3. When compared to surrounding tissue, the target structure (also known as a chromophore) absorbs a significant amount of the laser light at the chosen wavelength.
4. The thermal relaxation time of the target structure, which is the time it takes for the target to cool by 50% of its peak temperature after irradiation, is less than the laser energy pulse duration.
5. Due to the shorter pulse duration, it is guaranteed that only the target structure will be affected by the heat energy and not the tissue around it.
6. Ruby laser light may be reflected, transmitted, or absorbed when it comes into contact with skin. The therapeutic effect is mostly attributable to absorbed energy since it is transformed by the desired targets (chromophores) into thermal energy (heat), which kills the sick cells.
7. Haemoglobin, melanin, and tattoo ink are the three skin chromophores that the ruby laser most frequently targets. Each of these substances has a distinct laser light absorption spectrum.
8. When energy meant for the target chromophore is nonselectively diffused and absorbed by nearby tissues and structures, complications occur.

The First Ruby Laser

The first laser in history—also referred to as the “ruby laser”—was created by Theodore Maiman in 1960. Aluminium oxide, in which part of the aluminium atoms have been swapped out for chromium atoms, makes up ruby crystal. The ruby’s vivid red hue is derived from chromium. A cylinder-shaped ruby crystal is created in a ruby laser. On one end, a mirror that entirely reflects light is set up, and on the other, a mirror that partially reflects light. A white light flash that starts the laser action is produced by a high-intensity bulb spiralled around the ruby cylinder.

The green and blue wavelengths in the flash raise the energy level of the electrons in the chromium atoms. The electrons release their distinctive ruby-red glow as they return to their regular form.

Ruby Laser Brown Spot Treatment New York, NY

WHAT IS TREATED BY THE RUBY LASER?

• While the Q-switched Ruby laser is quite effective at erasing tattoos, this is not its sole advantage. Additionally, the Ruby laser can handle
• coloured lesions
• Birthmarks
• Moles
• Macules of Ota’s coffee nevus
• Discolorations on the tongue

PUBLICATIONS

Journal Articles “Successful Treatment of Cosmetic Oral Mucosal Tattoos Using QS 694-nm Ruby Laser and 755-nm Alexandrite Picosecond Laser.” 30 December 2019: Lasers in Surgery and Medicine.

“Tattoo formation from synthetic suture and successful removal with Q-switched ruby laser.” Dermatologic Surgery, December 1996.

“Q-switched ruby laser treatment of small and medium-sized congenital nevi.” 1996. Arch Dermatol.

“Q-switched ruby vs. Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of tattoos.” Cutis. 1995.

“The traumatic tattoos treated with the Q-switched ruby laser.” 1993. Plast Reconst Surg.

“Q-switched ruby laser therapy for nevus of Ota.” 1992’s Arch Dermatol.

“The use of a Q-switched ruby laser in the treatment of pigmented lesions of the mucous membranes.” 1992. J Am Acad Dermatol.

A Brief History Of The Ruby Laser

Ruby lasers were the first lasers ever created (after the maser). The substance in the laser that is activated and used to make the laser light, in other words, is what this signifies. Aluminium oxide, the material that makes up ruby rods, contains chromium in place of the aluminium atoms that give aluminium its distinctive red colour. The laser cavity has a ruby rod sandwiched between two mirrors that are both totally and partially reflective. Light is flashed around the ruby rod using a flash lamp, causing the electrons in the chromium atoms to become more energetic. They emit light as their energy levels decrease. Through the use of mirrors, this light is reflected back and forth inside the laser chamber. Light is let through the somewhat reflective surface.Theodore Maiman, who created the ‘ruby laser’ mentioned above, created the first laser in 1960. Physical Review Letters rejected his brief study on the laser at the time that he was working at the Hughes Research Laboratory in California. This is believed to be the case since there was a cut-off placed on the number of papers they could get because they were receiving a large number of papers on the maser, or “microwave wavelength laser,” at the time.Funny enough, the Hughes Research Laboratory formally unveiled the ruby laser to the press media during the summer of 1960, sparking a flurry of conversations about death rays. The ruby laser produced laser pulses of the order of a few milliseconds since it made use of flash lamps. Since then, lasers have employed a variety of techniques to cut the pulse length to attoseconds. In other words, one second divided by one, then 18 zeros.

Giant 13kJ RUBY LASER CANNON! Test Shots and Overview!!

It Happened Here: The Ruby Laser

A retinal tumour was removed with a medical laser for the first time.

Lasers are widely used today. In addition to the medical industry, where they are frequently used, you can also find them in scanners, DVD players, and even presentation points. However, they weren’t always so common. The world’s first functional laser was built in 1960 by Theodore Maiman, a worker at the Hughes Research Lab in California, using synthetic ruby as the lasing medium. Then, everything was different. Following Maiman’s discovery, researchers raced to develop applications for the laser, particularly in medicine.

Dr. Charles J. Campbell of the Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute used the powerful beam of light for the first time in medicine the following year at what was then known as Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Centre (now NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Centre). On November 22, 1961, Campbell used the laser to treat a patient’s retinal tumour while collaborating with Dr. Charles Koester, a representative of the company that had provided the laser. With a single pulse that lasted around one thousandth of a second, the tumor—an angioma—was eliminated. The 1,000-watt xenon arc lamps that were being used in comparable operations were much less comfortable for the patient than the laser, which was also extraordinarily quick. The ruby laser was applied in numerous medical procedures throughout the ensuing years. Along with its ongoing use in ophthalmology, including LASIK, it is frequently used to treat cancer and perform procedures in the specialties of gynaecology, dermatology, and gastroenterology.

As a graphic design software for the laser machine, Ruby® guarantees a seamless workflow.

As a graphic design software for the laser machine, Ruby® guarantees a seamless workflow.

Create graphics, text, and design components. With the integrated workflow, modifications may be made rapidly. The Ruby® software, a graphics and laser programme, allows you to alternate between the “design” and “prepare” processes at any moment. Has all the graphics equipment required for laser users. The time it takes to go from having a concept to having a final product is halved by these features.

Work independently. Multiple users on multiple machines. 

Ruby® creates a network that connects all of your laser equipment. From a PC or Mac, you can divide jobs among other devices. Without a separate PC, jobs are processed on the integrated memory of the Trotec Run on Ruby® laser equipment. Jobs can now be planned by one user and generated by another anywhere and at any time within the same network thanks to the new workflow.

The user interface will delight you : 

From conception to completion, the user is assisted by the Ruby® laser software. The design process is the beginning of the smooth workflow, which continues through preparation and production. Self-explanatory. There is not much training needed. Right instantly, the best laser results are guaranteed by the cloud-based material database. The material and material effect, such as deep engraving, dark engraving, or kiss cut, are chosen by the user .

Creating graphic and text elements : 

Ruby® is a cutting-edge laser workflow programme that frequently offers all the graphics tools required to create designs, graphics, photos, and text elements, eliminating the need for time-consuming switching between laser and design programmes, especially when making changes to designs or laser jobs. Popular design programmes like CorelDraw, Adobe Illustrator, and AutoCAD, as well as vector file types like SVG and PDF and non-vector file types like JPG, PNG, and BMP, are all easily compatible with Ruby software. Errors are automatically detected and repaired when files are put into Ruby software, optimising them for the laser machine, including line thickness and colours.Ruby® software allows users to quickly alter imported designs when necessary, negating the need to switch between various software programmes in order to perform numerous file alterations, even while it does not replace advanced graphic software packages. The design process is greatly streamlined as a result, saving time and effort.

No hairlines, no RGB color code, no more configuring the sheet size. 

Without a printer driver, you can import files like pdf, svg, png, jpg, cdr, or ai directly into Ruby®. It is skipped over the laborious process of printing laser jobs from the graphics programme. Errors are automatically optimised for the laser machine when files are loaded.

Import formats printer driver >10 0

Mac, Tablet, PC 

Create your laser jobs on a Mac, process them on a PC in your production department, and monitor the status of your laser on the move with a tablet. Ruby® can run on Windows, Linux, or Mac without regard to the client or platform. all computer operating systems.

1 operating systems and platform clients

Access anytime and anywhere 

Within the same network, prepare your laser jobs from any location. With Ruby®, you don’t have to be standing next to the laser machine to create architectural model drawings remotely, trim tasks in the graphic prepress office, or accommodate last-minute customer modifications before production. Anywhere on the same network can utilise Ruby®.

1 locations to prepare the network

Multiple users 

With various roles and permissions, you may collaborate as a team. For instance, operators can only change the laser job settings; they cannot change the saved material database. Production using lasers and graphic prepress go hand in hand. One laser machine, many users.

1 0 laser barriers

What is the Sinon Ruby laser? 

The ruby laser, as its name suggests, generates light with a wavelength that resembles rubies (694 nanometers).

There are numerous medical lasers available, each of which is intended to treat a unique issue. The Sinon Ruby laser will be covered on this page.

Tattoo and skin pigmentation removal are the two principal applications for the ruby laser.

The capability of having; is one of the features of this laser.

• High power, extremely brief pulses that can last under 20 nanoseconds (one nanosecond is one billionth of a second). This enables the laser to literally break the pigments or inks used in tattoos and skin pigmentation through a photo-mechanical effect. The immune system of the body then eliminates the leftovers.

The overall operation of the laser light is based on the idea of selective photothermolysis, which is the attraction of specific laser wavelengths to specific colours, enabling the targeted heating of coloured objects.

The laser’s depth of penetration is also crucial. The penetration increases with wavelength length. Therefore, compared to the 532nm wavelength, the 694nm wavelength penetrates far deeper. This is crucial for deeper pigmentation issues such birthmarks, Naevus of Ota, Hori macules, Naevus spilus, freckles, cafe au lait spots, and other pigmentation-related issues.

What can be treated with the Ruby laser? 

The ruby laser emits a wavelength of light that is preferentially drawn to specific skin hues :

• The ruby laser’s 694 nm wavelength is drawn to the skin’s melanin, which causes skin pigmentation. Although it doesn’t attract melanin as much as the Piqo4 laser’s 532nm wavelength does, it penetrates deeper and can reach deeper undesirable pigmentation. To assist break up the pigment, skin pigmentation is typically done in the q-switch (short pulse) mode. For additional details on skin pigmentation, click here. The ruby laser can be used to treat various kinds of skin pigmentation, such as;
• Birthmarks: The Ruby laser can be used to treat a variety of brown birthmarks. However, any elevated lesions cannot be cured. Naevi of Ota, Hori macules, Naevi spilus, Congenital Melanocytic Naevi, and Cafe au Lait Spots are all treatable pigmentation.
  sclerotherapy-related pigmentation
• Melasma is a hormonally-related pigmentation that can be treated with the ruby laser.
• The ruby laser is quite successful at removing freckles from the body or face.
• Although the Piqo4 laser is typically used for this, the ruby laser is good at removing sun spots and other sun damage.

What will my skin look like after treatment? 

The intensity of the treatment will determine this. For 24 to 48 hours, the skin could appear lightly sunburned. The skin may crust and seem darker after pigmentation removal for about a week. The skin may have some minor pinpoint bleeding and turn white after a tattoo removal. Depending on how harsh the treatment is, recovery may take some time. For a few days, dressings and antibiotic ointment may be necessary.

Will it hurt? 

Before laser treatments, the region can be numbed using topical anaesthetic. Topical anaesthetic is required, especially when greater energies are employed, as in tattoo removal. Some claim that laser tattoo removal without this anaesthetic is more painful than getting the tattoo in the first place. If necessary, an injection might be administered to make the area more comfortable during treatment.

There may be no need for anaesthesia for lower energy treatments.

Ruby laser case study – freckle removal 

This woman came in for a single ruby laser treatment to get rid of the freckles on her face. The freckles have significantly improved after a about 7-day recovery period.

Ruby laser case study – sunspot removal 

The patient wished to have a sunspot on her right cheek removed when she first arrived. The after picture was taken two weeks after just one Ruby laser session.

What are the possible adverse outcomes of treatment? 

A small number of people who receive laser treatments experience unintended, negative effects. These consist of :

• Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a brown mark that remains on the skin after treatment and normally fades with the help of lightening products over the course of many months.
• Hypopigmentation is the (rare) loss of pigment in the treated area. persistent redness. Sometimes it can take longer than expected for the skin’s redness to go away.

viral or bacterial infection Herpes simplex outbreaks can occasionally be brought on by laser treatments. Any bacterial or viral infection in a laser-induced wound carries the risk of scarring. Scarring is an extremely uncommon potential that is typically linked to darker skin tones, very aggressive energy settings, and bacterial or viral infection.

Permanent hair removal by normal-mode ruby laser 

13 volunteers were subjected to normal-mode ruby laser pulses at fluences of 30 to 60 J/cm2 delivered to both shaven and wax-epilated skin in six test regions on their thighs or backs. A control site that had been waxed and shaved was also present. Manual counting of terminal hairs was done both before and after laser treatment. Following laser irradiation, transient alopecia appeared in all 13 subjects, which is compatible with induction of telogen. In comparison to the untreated shaved and waxed control sites, 4 subjects still exhibited apparent, considerable hair loss at all laser-treated locations two years after exposure. Six months, a year, and two years after receiving laser treatment, there was no discernible change in the number of hairs in any of the 4 subjects. Histologically, hair follicles that were tiny and vellus-like were associated with laser-induced alopecia. No scarring and no permanent pigmentary changes were observed.

Ruby (694 nm) Laser Hair removal : 

The earliest kind of laser used for hair removal is this one. Light and fine hair types benefit from it the most. People with tanned skin and darker skin cannot use it. Really, individuals with fair or white skin should use it. Ruby Lasers are now widely used for laser hair removal since they are effective and cover a smaller area than other lasers.

Which Fitzpatrick Skin Type is the Ruby laser suitable for? 

Skin types I and II can use this laser. For those with fair or light skin, it is great. People with dark skin may not be able to wear it.

What are the advantages of Ruby laser hair removal? 

• It is possible to remove hair permanently.
• Compared to other laser hair removal methods, it is rather painless.
• If hair does regrow, it usually does so sparserly and finerly, making it less apparent.
• Because this laser has built-in cooling technology, the risk of burns and any other negative effects from laser hair removal are reduced.

What are the side effects of Ruby laser hair removal? 

• White or light hair as well as tanned or dark skin cannot be treated with the ruby laser.
• focuses on a somewhat limited area.
• The modest repetition rate of the laser could make treatment times longer.
• Burns, scars, redness, edoema, and skin discoloration are all possible side effects.

What are the different types of Ruby Laser Devices available?

The following are some popular ruby laser products currently on the market. RubyStar, EpiPulse Ruby, and Palomar E2000.

What are the specifications of the Ruby Laser? 

• 694 nm is the wavelength
• Rate of repetition: 0.5 to 1.2 Hz
• 3- to 10-mm spots
• 0.85–3 ms for the pulse width
• Fluency: 5 to 40

RUBY LASER :